Infecções protozoárias no Equador, prioridades de vigilância e pesquisa em saúde pública, 2016-2023: uma revisão de escopo
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.17058/reci.v16i.20643Palavras-chave:
Doenças Endêmicas, Doenças Parasitárias, Epidemiologia, Saúde Pública, ZoonosesResumo
Justificativa e Objetivos: As infecções parasitárias por protozoários impactam a saúde pública no Equador, como refletido em relatos que indicam aumento de casos de malária, presença moderada de leishmaniose e a persistência do status endêmico da doença de Chagas. Isso ressalta a necessidade de concentrar os esforços em políticas públicas e pesquisas. O objetivo desta revisão foi sintetizar as evidências recentes sobre a detecção, o diagnóstico e a epidemiologia de infecções por protozoários no Equador (2016-2023) para orientar as prioridades de vigilância e pesquisa. Conteúdo:Revisão de escopo com buscas nas bases PubMed, SCOPUS e SciELO (mar-jul 2024), seguindo PRISMA-ScR e as etapas do Instituto Joanna Briggs (JBI). Incluíram-se estudos realizados no Equador, em humanos, animais e ambiente, que empregaram testes laboratoriais. Foram extraídas as variáveis espécie/gênero, localização provincial, tipo de amostra/população e técnica diagnóstica. O protocolo foi registrado na OSF (https://osf.io/8vuc3). De 1.180 registros, 98 estudos atenderam aos critérios. Predominaram trabalhos sobre Leishmania spp. e protozoários intestinais, com aumento da diversidade de agentes desde 2020 e inclusão de amostras ambientais. Métodos moleculares e sorológicos foram frequentes, com foco em populações vulneráveis. Pichincha e Guayas concentraram a maior variedade de gêneros estudados, enquanto as províncias amazônicas apresentaram menos estudos. Em nível nacional, Leishmania spp. e Plasmodium spp. foram relatados em 23 e 17 províncias, respectivamente. Conclusão: É necessário fortalecer estudos sobre vetores e reservatórios, spillover e transmissão zoonótica. Ampliar a pesquisa em áreas rurais e amazônicas, e manter a vigilância ativa, incorporando sequenciamento e abordagens integradas de “Uma Saúde”.
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Copyright (c) 2026 Micaela Gómez-Hinojosa, Agatha Sandoval, Gabriela Naranjo, Miguel Martínez-Fresneda, Grecia Vivas-Colmenares, Andrés Herrera-Yela, Juan Carlos Navarro, Jose Rubén Ramírez Iglesias
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