Incidencia, mortalidad y letalidad por tuberculosis en Paraná: análisis de tendencia temporal entre 2018 y 2023
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.17058/reci.v16i.20623Palabras clave:
Tuberculosis, Epidemiología, Incidencia, Mortalidad, Factores de RiesgoResumen
Justificación y Objetivos: La tuberculosis es un problema de salud pública, y Brasil tiene como meta reducir la tasa de incidencia de esta enfermedad a menos de 10 casos por cada 100.000 habitantes. En este estudio, se tuvo como objetivo analizar las tendencias de la incidencia, mortalidad y letalidad por tuberculosis en el estado de Paraná entre los años 2018 y 2023. Métodos: Estudio de análisis de tendencia temporal, realizado con datos secundarios de Paraná, Brasil, obtenidos a través del Sistema de Información de Enfermedades de Notificación Obligatoria. Se evaluaron las tasas de incidencia y mortalidad por 100.000 habitantes y las tasas de letalidad, tanto generales como estratificadas por sexo y edad, así como los factores de riesgo asociados al desenlace muerte. Las tendencias se analizaron mediante modelos de regresión lineal y Prais–Winsten, y los factores de riesgo mediante la prueba de chi-cuadrado o exacta de Fisher y el riesgo relativo.Resultados: La incidencia, mortalidad y letalidad general por tuberculosis en Paraná se mantuvieron estables. Sin embargo, la mortalidad estratificada mostró una tendencia creciente en mujeres (β=0,046; IC95%= 0,01; 0,09; p=0,042) y en personas de 20 a 39 años (β=0,072; IC95%=0,01; 0,14; p=0,043). Las personas en situación de calle (RR=4,25; IC95%= 3,46; 5,22; p<0,001), consumidoras de alcohol (RR=2,32; IC95%=2,00; 2,68; p<0,001) y con comorbilidades como trastornos mentales (RR=2,02, IC95%=1,48, 2,76; p<0,001), diabetes mellitus (RR=1,88, IC95%=1,52, 2,31; p<0,001), y otras enfermedades (RR=2,30, IC95%=1,93, 2,74; p<0,001) presentaron mayor riesgo de muerte.Conclusión: Los hallazgos muestran una discrepancia entre las tendencias de la tuberculosis en Paraná y las metas del Plan Nacional para Poner Fin a la Tuberculosis para 2030.
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Derechos de autor 2026 Adriele da Mota de França Pinto, Camila Marinelli Martins, Maria Dagmar da Rocha Gaspar, Stellamaris Cordeiro Silvestre Rosa, Bruna Pereira Madruga

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