Incidence, mortality, and case fatality due to tuberculosis in Paraná: temporal trend analysis between 2018 and 2023
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.17058/reci.v16i.20623Keywords:
Tuberculosis, Epidemiology, Incidence, Mortality, Risk FactorsAbstract
Background and Objectives: Tuberculosis is a public health problem, and Brazil aims to reduce the incidence rate of this disease to fewer than 10 cases per 100,000 inhabitants. This study aimed to analyze the trends in tuberculosis incidence, mortality and case fatality in the state of Paraná between 2018 and 2023. Methods: A time series study was conducted using secondary data from Paraná, Brazil, obtained through the Notifiable Diseases Information System. The incidence and mortality rates per 100,000 inhabitants and the case fatality rates—both overall and stratified by sex and age—were evaluated, as well as risk factors associated with death as an outcome. Trends were analyzed using linear regression and Prais–Winsten models, and risk factors were analyzed using the chi-square or Fisher’s exact test and relative risk. Results: Incidence, mortality, and overall case fatality rates for tuberculosis in Paraná remained stagnant. Stratified mortality, however, showed an upward trend among females (β=0.046; 95%CI=0.01, 0.09; p=0.042) and in the age group between 20 and 39 years (β=0.072; 95%CI=0.01, 0.14; p=0.043). Individuals experiencing homelessness (RR=4.25; 95%CI=3.46, 5.22; p<0.001), those who consumed alcohol (RR=2.32; 95%CI=2.00, 2.68; p<0.001), and those with comorbidities such as mental disorders (RR=2.02; 95%CI= 1.48, 2.76; p<0.001), diabetes mellitus (RR=1.88; 95%CI=1.52, 2.31; p<0.001), and other diseases (RR=2.30; 95%CI=1.93, 2.74; p<0.001) had a higher risk of death. Conclusions: The findings reveal a discrepancy between tuberculosis trends in Paraná and the goals set by Brazil’s National Plan to End Tuberculosis by 2030.
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