Estudio retrospectivo del impacto de los genes KPC y NDM en infecciones multirresistentes: en un hospital de referencia en Piauí, Brasil.
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.17058/reci.v15i4.19939Palabras clave:
Genes de resistencia, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Evaluación de Resultado en la Atención de Salud, Atención a la SaludResumen
Justificación e Objetivos: Las carbapenemasas Klebsiella pneumoniae carbapenemasa (KPC) y metalo-beta-lactamasa de Nueva Delhi (NDM) confieren resistencia a los antibióticos de última línea, lo que compromete el tratamiento y empeora los resultados clínicos. Este estudio retrospectivo y descriptivo tuvo como objetivo analizar la frecuencia de bacterias multirresistentes en cultivos de pacientes ingresados en un hospital de referencia en Piauí, Brasil, y su correlación con los desenlaces de los pacientes, incluyendo los sectores afectados, la evolución clínica y el tiempo de estancia. Métodos: Realizado en un hospital terciario de referencia y mediante análisis de datos del período de enero de 2021 a diciembre de 2022, el estudio destaca la prevalencia y los mecanismos de resistencia de las especies bacterianas, con énfasis en los genes KPC y NDM. Resultados: KPC se encontró predominantemente en Pseudomonas aeruginosa y K. pneumoniae, mientras que NDM se identificó principalmente en K. pneumoniae y Serratia marcescens. Algunas especies, particularmente K. pneumoniae, exhibieron genes de resistencia dual. El estudio reveló tasas de mortalidad más altas cuando estaban presentes ambos genes KPC y NDM: 45,83% para KPC, 43,75% para NDM y 65,71% para infecciones con ambos genes. También se exploraron las duraciones de las estancias hospitalarias, mostrando que las infecciones por KPC tuvieron un promedio de 58,9 días, las infecciones por NDM 69 días y las infecciones con genes duales 49 días. Conclusión: Esta investigación proporciona información crítica sobre los desafíos de los organismos resistentes a antibióticos en hospitales, subrayando la necesidad de estrategias efectivas de manejo de pacientes y asignación de recursos. Hasta donde sabemos, este estudio revela los primeros casos documentados de infecciones por el gen NDM en Piauí.
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Derechos de autor 2026 Ruana Stephany Macedo Santos, Eduardo Lima de Sousa, Thallyta Maria Tavares Antunes, Samara Belchior Gaído, José Felipe Pinheiro do Nascimento Vieira, Bruno Guedes Alcoforado Aguiar
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