Anosmia en Covid-19 y su asociación con enfermedades crónicas y otros síntomas de infecciones
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.17058/reci.v15i4.19699Palabras clave:
SARS-CoV-2, Pandemia, Trastornos del olfato, Ageusia, DisgeusiaResumen
Justificación y Objetivos: La anosmia en Covid-19 puede indicar un pronóstico más favorable, lo que resalta la importancia de conocer los factores asociados para respaldar la toma de decisiones clínicas. El objetivo de este estudio fue analizar la prevalencia y los factores asociados a la anosmia en personas hicierón la prueba de Covid-19. Métodos: Se utilizaron datos de un programa de extensión universitaria que brindó el servicio de realización de pruebas moleculares para el diagnóstico de Covid-19. Se utilizaron datos recopilados entre abril de 2020 y enero de 2023. Para los análisis se utilizó la prueba de chi-cuadrado (p<0,05), agrupando a los participantes según el resultado de la prueba molecular: positivos y negativos para Covid-19. Resultados: El 6,5% (n=2252) de la población presentó anosmia, de los cuales 1228 resultaron positivos a Covid-19. La mayoría de los participantes con anosmia eran mujeres adultas. Hubo una asociación significativa de la anosmia de Covid-19 con el hito del cambio de variante en febrero de 2021. Entre las enfermedades crónicas en individuos con anosmia y Covid-19, hubo una asociación significativa (p<0,05) con la presión arterial alta y la diabetes. Entre los síntomas de los individuos con anosmia y Covid-19, la ageusia, el dolor de cabeza y la tos se asociaron directamente, mientras que la secreción nasal, el dolor de garganta, la disnea, la diarrea y los vómitos se association inversamente (p<0,05). Conclusión: Las enfermedades crónicas asociadas a la anosmia por Covid-19 fueron la hipertensión arterial y la diabetes, y los síntomas asociados fueron ageusia, dolor de cabeza y tos. Secreción nasal, dolor de garganta, disnea, diarrea y vómitos se presentaron com menos frecuência de lo esperado en personas con anosmia y Covid-19.
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Derechos de autor 2026 Fernanda Lopes Vilande, Terimar Facin Ruoso, Daniel Ângelo Sganzerla Graichen, Angela Giovana Batista
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