Epidemiological profile of Chagas disease in the North and Northeast regions of Brazil (2018-2022)
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.17058/reci.v15i4.20308Keywords:
Chagas disease, Epidemiology, Public HealthAbstract
Background and Objectives: Chagas disease is a parasitic infection caused by the protozoan Trypanosoma cruzi and a public health problem in Brazil. Transmission occurs through the triatomine vector, oral, vertical, transfusional, and accidental routes. This study aims to outline the epidemiological profile of the disease in the North and Northeast regions between 2018 and 2022, analyzing case distribution and sociodemographic factors. Methods: This is an epidemiological and descriptive study. Data on confirmed cases of acute Chagas disease in the North and Northeast regions between 2018 and 2022 were collected using secondary data from the Notifiable Diseases Information System (SINAN). The variables analyzed include sex, age group, race/color, and mode of transmission. The data were processed using Microsoft Excel and TABNET. Results: The state of Pará accounted for 78.29% of cases. The sex distribution was 52.26% for men and 47.74% for women. The most affected age group was 20 to 39 years (34.69%), and most cases occurred in brown individuals (83.51%). The primary transmission route was oral, associated with the consumption of contaminated food. Conclusion: The distribution of cases highlights the predominance of oral transmission, mainly in Pará. The epidemiological profile indicates a higher incidence among young adults and men, reflecting occupational and socioeconomic factors. The reduction recorded in 2020 suggests an impact of the Covid-19 pandemic on case reporting. The study reinforces the need for oral transmission control and expanded epidemiological surveillance.
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