Experiencia de seguimiento terapéutico de vancomicina en pacientes con y sin hemodiálises en un hospital de mediano porte del Sur de Brasil
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.17058/reci.v16i.20618Palabras clave:
Hemodiálisis, Monitorización terapéutica, Fármacos, VancomicinaResumen
Justificación y Objetivos: La vancomicina es un antibiótico glucopéptido ampliamente utilizado en hospitales para el tratamiento de infecciones graves causadas por bacterias Gram positivas resistentes, especialmente Staphylococcus aureusresistente a la meticilina (MRSA). Debido a su estrecho margen terapéutico y alta variabilidad farmacocinética interindividual, el monitoreo terapéutico de fármacos (MTF) es esencial para garantizar eficacia y seguridad. Evaluar las prácticas locales de MTF de vancomicina en un hospital de mediano porte del sur de Brasil, comparando pacientes con y sin hemodiálisis e identificando fallas en la obtención de niveles terapéuticos. Métodos: Estudio retrospectivo realizado entre octubre de 2023 y octubre de 2024 en pacientes adultos hospitalizados y tratados con vancomicina. Los pacientes fueron clasificados en cuatro grupos según la condición dialítica y la realización del MTF. Resultados: Se incluyeron 33 pacientes; 19 se sometieron a MTF, pero solo seis alcanzaron concentraciones terapéuticas (15–20 mg/L) en algún momento del tratamiento. Todos los pacientes del grupo con hemodiálisis y monitoreo (HDV) presentaron niveles supraterapéuticos en la primera medición (media: 33,7 mg/L), revelando fallas en las estrategias empíricas de dosificación. En el grupo sin diálisis con monitoreo (NDV) se observó una alta variabilidad en las concentraciones iniciales (media: 26,3 mg/L; CV: 40%), con pocos pacientes que lograron la exposición óptima. Conclusión: Los resultados evidencian deficiencias importantes en el manejo de la vancomicina, especialmente la dependencia de dosis empíricas y del monitoreo basado solo en niveles valle. La implementación de flujos estructurados de MTF dirigidos por farmacéuticos clínicos y basados en AUC/MIC, integrados al registro electrónico, es esencial para optimizar la terapia y reducir la toxicidad.
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Derechos de autor 2026 Guilherme Raimundo, Helena Cimahosti, José Elias Amaral

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