Anosmia na Covid-19 e sua associação com doenças crônicas e outros sintomas de infecções
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.17058/reci.v15i4.19699Palavras-chave:
SARS-CoV-2, Pandemia, Transtornos de olfato, Ageusia, DisgeusiaResumo
Justificativa e Objetivos: A anosmia na Covid-19 pode indicar prognóstico mais favorável, o que ressalta a importância de conhecer os fatores associados para apoiar decisões clínicas. O objetivo deste estudo foi analisar a prevalência e os fatores associados à anosmia em indivíduos que realizaram o teste para a Covid-19. Métodos: Foram utilizados os dados de um programa de extensão universitário, que prestou o serviço de realização de testes moleculares para diagnóstico da Covid-19. Foram utilizados dados coletados entre abril de 2020 e janeiro de 2023. Para as análises utilizou-se o teste qui-quadrado (p<0,05), agrupando os participantes conforme o resultado do teste molecular: positivo e negativo para Covid-19. Resultados: O total de 6,5% (n=2252) da população apresentou anosmia, dos quais 1228 tiveram o teste positivo para Covid-19. A maioria dos participantes com anosmia era adulta do sexo feminino. Houve associação significativa da anosmia da Covid-19 com o marco de mudança de variantes em fevereiro de 2021. Entre as doenças crônicas nos indivíduos com anosmia e Covid-19, houve associação significativa (p<0,05) com a hipertensão arterial e diabetes. Dentre os sintomas dos indivíduos com anosmia e Covid-19, ageusia, cefaleia e tosse se associaram diretamente; e coriza, dor de garganta, dispneia, diarreia e vômito se associaram inversamente (p<0,05). Conclusão: As doenças crônicas associadas à anosmia da Covid-19 foram hipertensão arterial e diabetes, e os sintomas associados foram ageusia, cefaleia e tosse. Coriza, dor de garganta, dispneia, diarreia e vômito apareceram menos do que o esperado para os indivíduos com anosmia e Covid-19.
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Copyright (c) 2026 Fernanda Lopes Vilande, Terimar Facin Ruoso, Daniel Ângelo Sganzerla Graichen, Angela Giovana Batista
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