Autoestima e insatisfacción corporal en varones universitarios homosexuales y heterosexuales

Autores/as

• Caíque Rossi Baldassarini Centro Universitario Barão de Mauá (CBM), Ribeirão Preto – SP, Brasil https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2362-9795
• Lucas Barros Bianchini Centro Universitario Barão de Mauá (CBM), Ribeirão Preto – SP, Brasil https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9269-3657
• Pedro Henrique Rodrigues da Silva Instituto de Psiquiatría (IPq) – Hospital das Clínicas de la Facultad de Medicina de la Universidad de São Paulo (HC/FMUSP), São Paulo – SP, Brasil https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0230-7474
• Larissa Cristina Mazer Escuela de Enfermería de Ribeirão Preto de la Universidad de São Paulo (EERP/USP), Ribeirão Preto - SP/Brasil. https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3774-0750
• Lucas Cordeiro Lins Universidad Federal de São Carlos (UFSCar), São Carlos - SP/Brasil https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1997-2689
• Graziela Aparecida Nogueira de Almeida Ribeiro Centro Universitario Barão de Mauá (CBM), Ribeirão Preto - SP/Brasil https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0824-8206

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.17058/psiunisc.v10i.19476

Palabras clave:

autoimagen, insatisfacción corporal, minorías sexuales y de género, hombres, estudiantes

Resumen

Introducción: Los hombres en edad universitaria se enfrentan a diversos retos que pueden afectar a su salud mental, entre ellos dificultades relacionadas con la autoestima y la insatisfacción corporal. Las pruebas sugieren que estos factores tienden a ser más pronunciados entre las personas pertenecientes a minorías sexuales. Sin embargo, siguen siendo escasos los estudios que comparan estos fenómenos entre hombres heterosexuales y homosexuales. Objetivos: Comparar la autoestima y la insatisfacción corporal entre hombres universitarios homosexuales y heterosexuales. Método: Se trata de un estudio cuantitativo, transversal, observacional y analítico. Participaron 100 hombres universitarios residentes en el estado de São Paulo, 50 de ellos homosexuales y 50 heterosexuales, que respondieron a un cuestionario con información sociodemográfica, orientación sexual, peso y altura; a la Escala de Autoestima de Rosenberg y a la Escala de Insatisfacción Corporal Masculina (Versión Reducida). En el análisis de datos, se utilizaron estadísticas descriptivas y las pruebas t de Student, Mann-Whitney, chi-cuadrado de Pearson y correlación de Spearman. Resultados: Se observó una autoestima insatisfactoria en la mayoría de los participantes de ambos grupos, así como una mayor insatisfacción con la musculatura entre los homosexuales. No se observó ninguna correlación entre el índice de masa corporal (IMC), la autoestima y la insatisfacción corporal. Conclusión: Los resultados sugieren que la orientación sexual puede estar asociada a patrones específicos de insatisfacción corporal, especialmente en relación con la musculatura, aunque la autoestima no difiera entre los grupos, lo que pone de relieve la importancia de tener en cuenta factores sociales y de identidad a la hora de comprender la salud mental de esta población.

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