Medidas y contribuciones de la literatura para la prevención de infecciones del sitio quirúrgico: revisión del alcance
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.17058/reci.v16i.20612Palabras clave:
Infección de La Herida Quirúrgica, Control de Infecciones, Asistencia PerioperatoriaResumen
Justificación y Objetivos: A pesar de los avances en las técnicas quirúrgicas y las medidas preventivas, la infección del sitio quirúrgico sigue siendo frecuente, lo que repercute en la recuperación del paciente y genera costes sustanciales. Por lo tanto, es importante desarrollar un estudio que permita identificar las lagunas de conocimiento más significativas. Esto se justifica por la elevada morbilidad y mortalidad asociadas a las infecciones postoperatorias, presentes en la literatura, que representan un reto para los sistemas hospitalarios. Su objetivo es identificar en la literatura las medidas más eficaces y las áreas en las que la producción científica aún es insuficiente, contribuyendo a mejorar los protocolos y las políticas institucionales. Contenidos: Revisión de alcance realizada con las bases de datos MEDLINE, Web of Science, SCOPUS, SciELO y CINAHL, llevada a cabo de acuerdo con la metodología impuesta por el Joanna Briggs Institute para revisiones de alcance y guiada por la lista de verificación Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic reviews and Meta-analyses Scoping Review en diez etapas. Los datos se analizaron en un proceso doble ciego, teniendo en cuenta los criterios de inclusión como estudios observacionales, tanto transversales como longitudinales y primarios, además de revisiones sistemáticas, disponibles en su totalidad. Conclusiones: Las estrategias basadas en la evidencia, combinadas con tecnología avanzada y enfoques multidisciplinarios, han demostrado reducir significativamente las tasas de mortalidad, la duración de la hospitalización y el impacto de las complicaciones a largo plazo. Además, los artículos de la muestra final destacaron importantes lagunas que deben estudiarse durante un período de tiempo más largo, centrándose en estudios en países subdesarrollados, en el seguimiento posterior al alta para detectar infecciones tardías y en la medición del cumplimiento de los protocolos institucionales por parte del personal.
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Derechos de autor 2026 Callado Silva Moura, Andressa Maria de Sousa Moura, Ana Carolina de Macêdo Lima, Olga Maria Castro de Sousa, Sannya Paes Landim Brito Alves, Luana Bastos Araújo, Odinéa Maria Amorim Batista
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