Estrategias para el control de infecciones en unidades de hospitalización neonatal: una revisión integradora
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.17058/reci.v16i.20488Palabras clave:
Control de Infecciones, Protocolos Clínicos, Unidades de Cuidado Intensivo NeonatalResumen
Justificación y Objetivo: Las infecciones asociadas a la atención de la salud (IAAS) en unidades de cuidados intensivos neonatales (UCIN) representan un reto para la calidad y seguridad de la atención neonatal, especialmente en neonatos prematuros y de bajo peso, cuya vulnerabilidad inmunológica y exposición a procedimientos invasivos aumentan el riesgo de morbilidad y mortalidad. El objetivo de este estudio fue analizar las principales estrategias utilizadas para controlar las IAAS en UCIN, destacando su efectividad e impacto en la mejora de la atención neonatal. Métodos: Revisión integradora realizada en LILACS, SciELO y PubMed, que incluyó artículos originales publicados entre 2019 y marzo de 2025. Los estudios fueron seleccionados y organizados considerando título, autores, país, año de publicación, intervenciones propuestas y resultados. Conclusión: Los hallazgos revelaron que la adherencia a la higiene de manos, junto con capacitación y estrategias multimodales, representa una de las medidas más eficaces y de menor costo para prevenir IAAS. La implementación de programas de administración de antimicrobianos y de protocolos para Staphylococcus aureus resistente a la meticilina (SARM) e infecciones asociadas a dispositivos invasivos mostró un impacto en la reducción de las tasas de infección y del tiempo de hospitalización. Iniciativas como el SAFH y el Comprehensive Unit-based Safety Program (CUSP) mejoraron la cultura de seguridad del paciente y la atención neonatal. La integración de estrategias de control, educación continua y compromiso interdisciplinario es clave para mejorar la calidad de la atención, reducir IAAS en UCIN y promover mayor seguridad y mejores resultados en neonatos críticos.
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Derechos de autor 2026 Izabelle de Menezes Siqueira, Isabela Lorencini Santos, Murilo Soares Costa
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