Infecciones asociadas a la atención sanitaria y los mecanismos de resistencia de los microorganismos: revisión del alcance
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.17058/reci.v15i4.20027Palabras clave:
Infección hospitalaria, Asistencia sanitaria, Prestación de asistencia sanitaria, Antiinfecciosos, Farmacorresistencia microbianaResumen
Justificación y Objetivos: las infecciones relacionadas con la atención sanitaria son eventos adversos prevenibles y contribuyen a la resistencia microbiana, lo cual es un problema de salud pública. Así, este estudio tiene como objetivo evaluar el perfil de las infecciones relacionadas con la atención sanitaria y los mecanismos de resistencia de los microorganismos de 2019 a 2024. Métodos: esta es una revisión del alcance, preparada de acuerdo con la lista de verificación de PRISMA Extension for Scoping Reviews. Se utilizó como estrategia de búsqueda los términos participants, concept y context. Los participantes en este estudio fueron pacientes con infecciones nosocomiales asociadas a la atención médica, con edades de 18 años o más. El concepto incluía estudios sobre infecciones nosocomiales, epidemiología y mecanismos de resistencia de los microorganismos. Se consideraron ensayos clínicos aleatorios y no aleatorios, estudios observacionales y revisiones con y sin metaanálisis publicados en inglés, portugués y español, realizados entre enero de 2019 y agosto de 2024. Las fuentes de evidencia utilizadas fueron la Biblioteca Virtual en Salud (BVS - Lilacs), Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina, Scopus y Google Scholar. Resultados: se destaca el aumento de la incidencia de infecciones relacionadas con la atención sanitaria en Brasil y en el mundo, y los principales sitios de infección son el torrente sanguíneo, las vías urinarias y las vías respiratorias. Los microorganismos predominantes fueron gran-negativos; y los principales mecanismos de resistencia, oxacilinasas, Klebsiella productora de carbapenemasas, metalo-β-lactamasas de Nueva Delhi e Intergron de Verona. Conclusión: el conocimiento sobre la epidemiología de las infecciones sanitarias puede ayudar a promover acciones sanitarias y a controlar y prevenir infecciones.
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