Perfil epidemiológico de la tuberculosis en Uberaba, municipio prioritario de Minas Gerais, 2013 a 2023
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.17058/reci.v15i3.19956Palabras clave:
Tuberculosis, Epidemiología, Salud públicaResumen
Justificación y Objetivos: La tuberculosis es una enfermedad infecciosa que presenta factores de riesgo vinculados a cuestiones sociales y comportamentales, así como comorbilidades. Este estudio tuvo como objetivo evaluar los casos de tuberculosis notificados en Uberaba/MG, entre 2013 y 2023. Métodos: Se realizó un estudio transversal utilizando datos del Sistema Nacional de Información de Enfermedades de Notificación Obligatoria, sobre los casos de tuberculosis notificados en Uberaba, a lo largo de 10 años (2013-2023). Resultados: Durante el período de evaluación, se notificaron 931 casos de tuberculosis en Uberaba, con una incidencia promedio de 25,6 casos/100 mil habitantes. La mayoría de los casos fueron registrados en hombres (74,2%), con edad entre 25 y 44 años (48,3%), y con educación de nivel básico o medio (completa o incompleta) (61,6%). En el aspecto social, el 9,8% de los casos de tuberculosis estaban asociados a individuos privados de libertad y el 5,4% de los pacientes eran personas sin hogar. En cuanto a las comorbilidades, el 20,1% de los pacientes con tuberculosis estaban co-infectados con VIH, el 32,1% eran alcohólicos, el 7,5% eran diabéticos y el 27,5% usaban drogas ilícitas. La confirmación laboratorial de la enfermedad ocurrió en el 60,9% de los casos. La forma más común de tuberculosis diagnosticada fue la pulmonar (77,1%), siendo la forma extrapulmonar más frecuente la pleural (36,6%). La mayoría de los casos se clasificaron como nuevos casos (81,8%), siendo los resultados más comunes la cura (55,4%), pérdida de seguimiento (14,9%) y la muerte por tuberculosis (10,6%). Conclusión: Los resultados subrayan características sociodemográficas bien definidas entre los pacientes con tuberculosis, como hombres adultos con baja educación, comorbilidades y comportamientos de riesgo.
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