Seguimiento ambulatorio de personas que viven con el VIH-1/Sida en el estado de Piauí en el contexto de la pandemia de Covid-19

Autores/as

• Francisco Rafael de Carvalho https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3479-098X
• Wellinton Costa Araújo https://orcid.org/0009-0003-7630-8220
• Lucas Dario Ferreira Santos https://orcid.org/0009-0002-8171-7160
• Érika de Araújo Abi-chacra https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3343-0889

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.17058/reci.v15i2.19613

Palabras clave:

VIH-1, COVID-19, Perfil de salud

Resumen

Justificación y Objetivos: La pandemia del Covid-19 trajo desafíos importantes a la salud pública, especialmente a los grupos vulnerables, entre ellos, los que portadores de VIH-1/SIDA (PVVS). Este estudio tuvo como objetivo analizar el impacto de la pandemia en los aspectos sociodemográficos, resultados clínicos e infecciones oportunistas de PVVS en seguimiento ambulatorio en el estado de Piauí. Métodos: Se realizó un estudio epidemiológico observacional, en el que se utilizaron datos retrospectivos de historiales médicos de PVVS en tratamiento ambulatorio en el Instituto de Dolencias Tropicales Natan Portella (IDTNP), de Teresina, Piauí. La muestra estuvo constituida por 334 historias clínicas de pacientes bajo tratamiento antirretroviral de aproximadamente seis meses. Resultados: Antes de la pandemia, la terapia antirretroviral (TARV) mostró una eficacia significativa, con reducción de la carga viral entre las visitas de seguimiento. Durante la pandemia, la carga viral de los pacientes también disminuyó entre las visitas de seguimiento, pero la falta de datos minuciosos ha obstaculizado un análisis más exhaustivo. Los recuentos de células T CD4+ aumentaron antes y durante la pandemia, lo que refleja la adherencia al TARV. No hubo gran diferencia en los recuentos de células T CD8+. Sin embargo, la relación TCD4+/TCD8+ mostró diferencias significativas, apuntando hacia una mejoría inmunológica. Las infecciones oportunistas más prevalentes fueron la sífilis, la tuberculosis y la neurotoxoplasmosis. Conclusión: la pandemia del Covid-19 impactó negativamente en la adhesión al TARV y aumentó la prevalencia de coinfecciones en PVVS en Piauí. Las estrategias adaptativas, como la dispensación del TARV por varios meses y la telemedicina, fueron cruciales para garantizar la continuidad del tratamiento. Este estudio destaca la necesidad de políticas públicas adaptativas para asegurar la continuidad de la atención al paciente durante las crisis de salud pública.

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