Temporal trends in asthma mortality in Espírito Santo, Brazil, 2010–2023

Authors

  • Ronaldo José Faria Federal University of Espírito Santo, Alegre, Espírito Santo, Brazil. Graduate Program in Pharmaceutical Service and Policy, Alegre, Espírito Santo, Brazil. Federal University of Espírito Santo, Health Technology Assessment and Health Economics Group, Alegre, Espírito Santo, Brazil. https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0650-128X
  • Nicole Milato da Silva Gonçalves Federal University of Espírito Santo, Health Technology Assessment and Health Economics Group, Alegre, Espírito Santo, Brazil. https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5825-7461
  • Marcelo Matieli da Silva Filho Federal University of Espírito Santo, Health Technology Assessment and Health Economics Group, Alegre, Espírito Santo, Brazil. https://orcid.org/0009-0004-6645-1768
  • Patrícia Silva Bazoni Graduate Program in Pharmaceutical Service and Policy, Alegre, Espírito Santo, Brazil. https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3829-4900
  • Eduardo Frizzera Meira Federal University of Espírito Santo, Health Technology Assessment and Health Economics Group, Alegre, Espírito Santo, Brazil. https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0210-4319
  • Jéssica Barreto Ribeiro dos Santos Federal University of Espírito Santo, Health Technology Assessment and Health Economics Group, Alegre, Espírito Santo, Brazil. https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5528-0658
  • Michael Ruberson Ribeiro da Silva Federal University of Espírito Santo, Alegre, Espírito Santo, Brazil. Graduate Program in Pharmaceutical Service and Policy, Alegre, Espírito Santo, Brazil. Federal University of Espírito Santo, Health Technology Assessment and Health Economics Group, Alegre, Espírito Santo, Brazil. https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2550-7249

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.17058/reci.v16i.20894

Keywords:

Asthma, Mortality, Epidemiology, Health Information Systems

Abstract

Background and Objectives: Asthma is one of the most prevalent chronic respiratory diseases in the world and remains a significant public health problem due to its morbidity, socioeconomic impact, and risk of mortality in severe cases. This study aimed to analyze the temporal trends and sociodemographic patterns of asthma mortality in the state of Espírito Santo, Brazil, between 2010 and 2023. Methods: This is an ecological time-series study using data from the Mortality Information System (SIM/DATASUS) and population estimates from the Brazilian Institute of Geography and Statistics (IBGE). Sociodemographic variables and municipal socioeconomic indicators, such as the Human Development Index (HDI) and the Gini index, were analyzed. Temporal trends were assessed using Prais-Winsten regression to estimate the annual change in the number of asthma-related deaths. Results: A total of 829 asthma-related deaths were recorded during the study period (mean age: 63.9 years; 64.5% women). Most deaths occurred in a hospital setting (59.6%). Unspecified asthma (ICD-10 J45.9) accounted for 98.6% of cases. A significant increasing trend in the annual number of asthma deaths was observed, with an average absolute increase of 2.19 deaths per year (p = 0.001). Conclusion: Mortality from asthma showed an increasing trend in Espírito Santo, highlighting the need to strengthen preventive strategies, improve clinical management, and expand surveillance of respiratory diseases. The results also suggest the importance of public policies aimed at reducing inequalities and improving health information systems to minimize preventable deaths.

Downloads

Download data is not yet available.

Author Biographies

  • Ronaldo José Faria, Federal University of Espírito Santo, Alegre, Espírito Santo, Brazil. Graduate Program in Pharmaceutical Service and Policy, Alegre, Espírito Santo, Brazil. Federal University of Espírito Santo, Health Technology Assessment and Health Economics Group, Alegre, Espírito Santo, Brazil.

    Farmacêutico, doutorando em Assistência Farmacêutica pela Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo

     

     

  • Nicole Milato da Silva Gonçalves, Federal University of Espírito Santo, Health Technology Assessment and Health Economics Group, Alegre, Espírito Santo, Brazil.

    Graduanda em Farmácia pela Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo

  • Marcelo Matieli da Silva Filho , Federal University of Espírito Santo, Health Technology Assessment and Health Economics Group, Alegre, Espírito Santo, Brazil.

    Graduando em Farmácia pela Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo

  • Patrícia Silva Bazoni, Graduate Program in Pharmaceutical Service and Policy, Alegre, Espírito Santo, Brazil.

    Farmacêutica, Doutoranda em Assistência Farmacêutica pela Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo.

  • Eduardo Frizzera Meira, Federal University of Espírito Santo, Health Technology Assessment and Health Economics Group, Alegre, Espírito Santo, Brazil.

    Farmacêutico, Doutor em Ciências Fisiológicas pela Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo. Docente do Departamento de Farmácia e Nutrição da Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo. 

  • Jéssica Barreto Ribeiro dos Santos, Federal University of Espírito Santo, Health Technology Assessment and Health Economics Group, Alegre, Espírito Santo, Brazil.

    Farmacêutica, Doutora em Medicamentos e Assistência Farmacêutica pela Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais. Docente do Departamento de Farmácia e Nutrição da Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo. 

  • Michael Ruberson Ribeiro da Silva, Federal University of Espírito Santo, Alegre, Espírito Santo, Brazil. Graduate Program in Pharmaceutical Service and Policy, Alegre, Espírito Santo, Brazil. Federal University of Espírito Santo, Health Technology Assessment and Health Economics Group, Alegre, Espírito Santo, Brazil.

    Farmacêutico, Doutor em Medicamentos e Assistência Farmacêutica pela Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais. Docente do Departamento de Farmácia e Nutrição da Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo.

References

1. Bouhuis D, Giezeman M, Janson C, et al. Factors associated with self-assessed asthma severity. Journal of Asthma. 2021 Jan 27;59(4):691–6. https://doi.org/10.1080/02770903.2021.1871741

2. Zhou X, Zhang P, Tang H, et al. Progress in diagnosis and treatment of difficult-to-treat asthma in children. Ther Adv Respir Dis. 2023 Jan 1;17. https://doi.org/10.1177/17534666231213637

3. World health organization. Asthma. WHO, [Internet] 2024. Available at: https://www.who.int/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/asthma

4. Bush A, Byrnes CA, Chan KC, et al. Social determinants of respiratory health from birth: still of concern in the 21st century? European Respiratory Review. 2024 Apr 30;33(172). https://doi.org/10.1183/16000617.0222-2023

5. Pinheiro DHA, Souza JVH, Justo AFO, et al. Asthma in the Brazilian Unified Health Care System: an epidemiological analysis from 2008 to 2021. J Bras Pneumol. 2024 May 27;50(2): e20230364. https://doi.org/10.36416/1806-3756/e20230364

6. Martins CLPC, Soler O, Silva MVS. Programa Farmácia Popular do Brasil e serviços de assistência farmacêutica: revisão de escopo. Caderno Pedagógico. 2024 Dec 13;21(13):e12107–7. https://doi.org/10.54033/cadpedv21n13-252

7. Oliveira LGF, Fracolli LA, Coelho TPB, et al. Reflexões e perspectivas das desigualdades raciais e a saúde da população negra. JRG Journal of Acad Studies. 2024 Jul 3; 7(15):e151188. https://doi.org/10.55892/jrg.v7i15.1188

8. Brazilian institute of geography and statistics – IBGE. [Internet] 2022 Census. Brasília: IBGE, 2022. Available at: https://www.ibge.gov.br/estatisticas/sociais/saude/22827-censo-demografico-2022.html.

9. Freitas CU, Leon AP, Junger W, et al. Poluição do ar e impactos na saúde em Vitória, Espírito Santo. Rev Saude Publica. 2016;50:4. https://doi.org/10.1590/S1518-8787.2016050005909

10. Castro HA, Hacon S, Argento R, et al. Air pollution and respiratory diseases in the Municipality of Vitória, Espírito Santo State, Brazil. Cad Saude Publica. 2007;23 Suppl 4:S630-42. https://doi.org/10.1590/S0102-311X2007001600023

11. Matos EP, Reisen VA, Serpa FS, et al. Análise espaço-temporal do efeito da poluição do ar na saúde de crianças. Cad Saude Publica. 2019;35(10):e00145418.

https://doi.org/10.1590/0102-311X00145418

12. Department of Informatics of the Unified Health System. DATASUS. ICD-10: International Statistical Classification of Diseases and Related Health Problems [Internet] 2008. 2008. Available at: http://www2.datasus.gov.br/cid10/V2008/WebHelp/cid10.htm

13. Cheng H, Luo W, Si S, et al. Global trends in total fertility rate and its relation to national wealth, life expectancy and female education. BMC Public Health. 2022 Jul 14;22(1). https://doi.org/10.1186/s12889-022-13656-1

14. Horsth AL, da Silva Filho MM, dos Santos JBR, et al Trends in Alzheimer’s disease mortality in Espírito Santo, Brazil: a time series study. Dementia & Neuropsychologia. 2025;19. https://doi.org/10.1590/1980-5764-DN-2025-0327

15. Bottomley C, Ooko M, Gasparrini A, et al. In praise of Prais‐Winsten: An evaluation of methods used to account for autocorrelation in interrupted time series. Statistics in Medicine. 2023 Feb;42(8):1277–88. https://doi.org/10.1002/sim.9669

16. Brazil. Resolution No. 510 of April 7, 2016. [Internet]. National Health Council. 2016. Available at: https://www.gov.br/conselho-nacional-de-saude/pt-br/atos normativos/resolucoes/2016/resolucao-no-510.pdf/view

17. Silva FSCP, Santos YRA, Silva MM. Características epidemiológicas e morbimortalidade hospitalar da asma no Brasil: um estudo ecológico de 2009 a 2023. Revista de Medicina. 2025 May 8;104(3.esp.). https://doi.org/10.11606/issn.1679-9836.v104i3.esp.e-236387

18. Asher MI, García-Marcos L, Pearce NE, et al. “Trends in worldwide asthma prevalence.” European Respiratory Journal. 2020 Sep 24;56(6):2002094.

https://doi.org/10.1183/13993003.02094-2020

19. Nunes GG, Oliveira MVF, Lucca ER, et al. Epidemiologia da asma no Brasil: análise dos dados de 2019 a 2023. Revista Ibero-Americana de Humanidades, Ciências e Educação. 2024 Nov 22;10(11):5538–51. https://doi.org/10.51891/rease.v10i11.16924

20. Santos YRA dos, Silva MM da, Santos MDB, et al. Características epidemiológicas e de morbimortalidade hospitalar da asma brônquica notificadas no Sistema Único de Saúde do Brasil no período de 2008 a 2023. Revista de Medicina. 2025 Apr 10;104(2). https://doi.org/10.11606/issn.1679-9836.v104i2e-232882

21. Polidoro M, Mahoche MJ, Bairros F, et al. Geografia das disparidades em saúde entre brancos e negros em Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul. Cad Saude Colet. 2023 Feb 20;31:e31 010454. https://doi.org/10.1590/1414-462X202331010454

22. Muñoz DC, de Savigny D, Sorchik R, et al. Better data for better outcomes: the importance of process mapping and management in CRVS systems. BMC Medicine. 2020 Mar 9;18(1). https://doi.org/10.1186/s12916-020-01522-z

23. Paladini SV, Silva Filho MM, Santos JBR, et al. Asthma mortality in Southern Brazil between 2013 and 2022. Sci Med (Porto Alegre). 2025 Jul 30;35(1). https://doi.org/10.15448/1980-6108.2025.1.47158

24. Borges GP, Pinto BF, Mendes CCR, et al. Taxa de mortalidade por asma no brasil entre os anos de 2018 e 2022. Revista Ibero-Americana de Humanidades, Ciências e Educação. 2024 Apr 5;10(4):622–32. https://doi.org/10.51891/rease.v10i4.13488

25. Zhang J, Dong X, Liu G, et al.. Risk and Protective Factors for Covid-19 Morbidity, Severity, and Mortality. Clinical Reviews in Allergy & Immunology. 2022 Jan 19;64(1). https://doi.org/10.1007/s12016-022-08921-5

Downloads

Published

2026-09-17

Issue

Vol. 16 (2026)

Section

ORIGINAL ARTICLE

License

Copyright (c) 2026 Ronaldo José Faria, Nicole Milato da Silva Gonçalves, Marcelo Matieli da Silva Filho , Patrícia Silva Bazoni, Eduardo Frizzera Meira, Jéssica Barreto Ribeiro dos Santos, Michael Ruberson Ribeiro da Silva

Creative Commons License

This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.

The author must state that the paper is original (has not been published previously), not infringing any copyright or other ownership right involving third parties. Once the paper is submitted, the Journal reserves the right to make normative changes, such as spelling and grammar, in order to maintain the language standard, but respecting the author’s style. The published papers become ownership of RECI, considering that all the opinions expressed by the authors are their responsibility. Because we are an open access journal, we allow free use of articles in educational and scientific applications provided the source is cited under the Creative Commons CC-BY license.

How to Cite

Faria, R. J., Gonçalves, N. M. da S. ., Silva Filho , M. M. da, Bazoni, P. S. ., Meira, E. F., Santos, J. B. R. dos, & Silva, M. R. R. da . (2026). Temporal trends in asthma mortality in Espírito Santo, Brazil, 2010–2023. Revista De Epidemiologia E Controle De Infecção, 16. https://doi.org/10.17058/reci.v16i.20894