Implementación del sistema de prevención “Comunidades que Cuidan” en una comunidad brasileña

Autores/as

• Tallita Franzoloso Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8168-9556
• Charlene Fernanda Thurow Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9462-1320
• Ana Regina Noto Universidade Federal de São Paulo https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2622-6668
• Eric Brown University of Miami https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1724-4971
• Daniela Ribeiro Schneider Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2936-6503

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.17058/psiunisc.v9i.18972

Palabras clave:

Prevención, Ciencia de la Implementación, Evaluación de Procesos, Participación Comunitaria

Resumen

Introducción: Communities That Care (CTC) es un sistema preventivo comunitario que busca apoyar el desarrollo social saludable de niños, niñas y adolescentes mediante la movilización y capacitación de coaliciones comunitarias para evaluar, planificar e implementar intervenciones preventivas basadas en evidencia. El sistema se encuentra en proceso de adaptación cultural en Brasil, donde ha sido denominado Comunidades que Cuidan (CQC). Objetivos: El objetivo de este artículo fue describir el proceso de implementación, evaluar la fidelidad del piloto del CQC e identificar las principales adaptaciones realizadas en sus dos primeras fases, en una comunidad de Santa Catarina, Brasil. Método: Se trata de una investigación de evaluación de la implementación, con enfoque cualitativo y diseño exploratorio y descriptivo. Los participantes fueron seleccionados mediante muestreo no probabilístico por conveniencia. Para la recolección de datos se utilizaron la lista de verificación Milestones and Benchmarks del CQC y documentos producidos entre 2020 y 2022. Se realizaron análisis descriptivos de los datos recolectados. Resultados: Los hallazgos indicaron que la mayoría de las metas previstas fueron alcanzadas. En cuanto a la fidelidad de la implementación, se verificó que los elementos centrales se mantuvieron preservados y que las principales adaptaciones culturales ocurrieron en la entrega de las capacitaciones. Entre los desafíos se destacaron el retraso en la aplicación de los instrumentos previstos debido a la pandemia de Covid-19, las dificultades en la impartición de las capacitaciones y la formación de la coalición comunitaria. Conclusión: A pesar de estas barreras, la adaptación cultural del sistema se ha mostrado como una iniciativa prometedora para la constitución de una alternativa consistente de prevención comunitaria en el país.

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