Costo de antimicrobianos asociados a infecciones bacterianas en niños y adolescentes hospitalizados
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.17058/reci.v15i3.20239Palabras clave:
Niño. Adolescente. Costos de Medicamentos. Infección Hospitalaria. Resistencia Microbiana a Medicamentos.Resumen
Justificación y Objetivo: Las Infecciones Relacionadas con la Atención de la Salud (IRAS) en niños y adolescentes hospitalizados representan un desafío significativo debido a la creciente resistencia bacteriana y a los altos costos asociados con el uso de antimicrobianos. Comprender estos factores es esencial para optimizar el uso de estos medicamentos y reducir los impactos clínicos y económicos. El objetivo de este estudio es describir los costos de los antimicrobianos asociados con las infecciones bacterianas en niños y adolescentes hospitalizados. Métodos: Estudio transversal analítico realizado en dos hospitales filantrópicos en el norte de Paraná, Brasil. Se incluyeron 234 niños y adolescentes con IRAS y cultivos positivos entre enero de 2018 y diciembre de 2023. Se recopilaron datos demográficos, clínicos y costos de los antimicrobianos a partir de los registros médicos electrónicos. Para el análisis estadístico se utilizaron la prueba U de Mann-Whitney y el coeficiente de correlación de Spearman. El análisis de regresión lineal múltiple se realizó mediante el método enter. Resultados: Las infecciones por microorganismos resistentes ocurrieron en el 39,3% de la población. La edad, el tiempo de hospitalización y el perfil de sensibilidad se asociaron con mayores costos de antimicrobianos. Los pacientes con microorganismos resistentes presentaron costos aproximadamente cinco veces mayores en comparación con aquellos con microorganismos sensibles. Predominaron las bacterias Gram negativas, siendo Klebsiella pneumoniae y Pseudomonas aeruginosa multirresistentes. Entre los antimicrobianos más prescritos se encontraron los aminoglucósidos, seguidos pelas penicilinas associadas a inibidores de beta-lactamase y cefalosporinas. Conclusión: La edad, el tiempo de hospitalización y la resistencia microbiana fueron predictores significativos de los costos de antimicrobianos en niños y adolescentes hospitalizados. Las estrategias de control de infecciones y el uso racional de antimicrobianos son esenciales para reducir los costos hospitalarios y mitigar la resistencia bacteriana.
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Derechos de autor 2025 Susany Franciely Pimenta, Rosângela Aparecida Pimenta, Nayane Laine Paglione Dias

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