Acompanhamento ambulatorial de pessoas vivendo com HIV-1/Aids no estado do Piauí no contexto da pandemia de Covid-19
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.17058/reci.v15i2.19613Palavras-chave:
HIV-1, COVID-19, Perfil de saúdeResumo
Justificativa e Objetivos: A pandemia de Covid-19 tem representado desafios significativos para a saúde pública, especialmente para grupos vulneráveis como as pessoas vivendo com HIV-1/Aids (PVHA). Este estudo teve como objetivo analisar o impacto da pandemia nos aspectos sociodemográficos, desfechos clínicos e infecções oportunistas de PVHA em atendimento ambulatorial no Piauí. Métodos: Foi realizado um estudo epidemiológico observacional com dados retrospectivos de prontuários de PVHA atendidas em ambulatório do Instituto de Doenças Tropicais Natan Portella (IDTNP) em Teresina, Piauí. A amostra foi composta por 334 prontuários de pacientes que receberam terapia antirretroviral por pelo menos seis meses. Resultados: A terapia antirretroviral (TARV) apresentou eficácia significativa antes da pandemia, com diminuição da carga viral entre as consultas de acompanhamento. Durante a pandemia, os doentes apresentaram uma diminuição da carga viral entre as visitas de acompanhamento, mas a falta de dados completos impediu uma análise exaustiva. As contagens de células T CD4+ aumentaram tanto antes como durante a pandemia, refletindo a adesão à TAR. Não se registou qualquer diferença significativa nas contagens de células T CD8+. A razão de células T CD4+/CD8+ apresentou diferenças significativas, indicando uma melhoria imunológica. As infecções oportunistas mais comuns foram a sífilis, a tuberculose e a neurotoxoplasmose. Conclusões: A pandemia de Covid-19 teve um impacto negativo na adesão ao TARV e aumentou a prevalência de co-infecções entre as PVHA no Piauí. Estratégias adaptativas, como a dispensação multi-mensal de TARV e o uso da telemedicina, foram cruciais para garantir a continuidade do tratamento. Este estudo destaca a necessidade de políticas públicas adaptativas para garantir a continuidade do atendimento aos pacientes durante crises de saúde pública.
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