Effectiveness of interventions in robust and pre-frail older adults: systematic review
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.17058/00c7bt30Keywords:
Frailty, Therapeutic Interventions, Aged, Pre-fragileAbstract
Objective: To analyze the effectiveness of interventions to prevent frailty in robust and pre-frail elderly people. Method: A systematic review was carried out, according to the methodology proposed by the Joanna Briggs Institute (JBI), with studies published between 2018 and 2023, with the keywords “prevention”, “frailty”, “older people”, “intervention”, and related terms. Studies were included that described interventions to prevent frailty in the elderly, robust and pre-frail, aged 60 years or older. To evaluate the methodological quality of Randomized Clinical Trials (RCT) articles, the PEDro Scale was used. Results: 15 eligible studies were identified. Among them, eight RCTs demonstrated high methodological rigor and high quality, while 3 NRSs achieved a high-quality rating. The interventions analyzed included physical exercise programs, nutritional strategies, cognitive stimulation, and combined approaches. It was observed that multidimensional and multicomponent interventions, by integrating physical, cognitive, and nutritional components, demonstrated greater potential for effectiveness, resulting in improved functional parameters, reduced risk of frailty, and promoted autonomy in older adults. Most studies reported positive outcomes, although methodological heterogeneity and context variability limited direct comparisons. Conclusion: The findings suggest that multicomponent and integrated interventions represent promising strategies for preventing frailty in robust and pre-frail older adults. Nevertheless, additional studies focusing on individualized interventions are needed to consolidate evidence and guide implementation in public policies and care practices.
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