PREVALÊNCIA E NUANCES DOS COMPORTAMENTOS DESAFIADORES NO TRANSTORNO DO ESPECTRO AUTISTA: uma revisão narrativa das implicações para o SUS

Autores

• Felipe Magalhães Lemos Universidade Federal de São Carlos, São Carlos, SP, Brasil https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5511-7423
• Claudio Almeida Sarilho Instituto de Neurociências e Autismo (INA),  São Paulo, SP, Brasil https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3882-2301

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.17058/vm6yzz55

Palavras-chave:

Transtorno do Espectro do Autismo, Sistema Único de Saúde, Comportadores Desafiadores, Prevalência

Resumo

Introdução: Comportamentos desafiadores são altamente prevalentes em pessoas com Transtorno do Espectro Autista (TEA), afetando o bem-estar individual e familiar. Apesar da relevância clínica, há escassez de dados brasileiros sobre o tema. Objetivo: Analisar a prevalência e as manifestações dos comportamentos desafiadores em indivíduos com TEA, com destaque para as lacunas nacionais e implicações para o Sistema Único de Saúde (SUS). Método: Revisão narrativa da literatura, com busca nas bases PubMed, Scopus, PsycINFO e SciELO, utilizando termos em português e inglês. Foram incluídos estudos empíricos, revisões sistemáticas e meta-análises sobre prevalência de comportamentos desafiadores no TEA. Resultados: Os comportamentos mais frequentes incluem agressão, autolesão, estereotipias, fuga, pica e dificuldades alimentares, com prevalências que variam de 23% a 94% dependendo da faixa etária e da metodologia. Destacam-se a persistência da autolesão e a associação com deficiência intelectual. A ausência de estudos populacionais no Brasil é uma limitação crítica. Conclusão: Os comportamentos desafiadores devem ser considerados prioridade em saúde pública. A ausência de dados nacionais prejudica o planejamento de serviços. Estudos epidemiológicos e intervenções culturalmente adaptadas são necessários para qualificar o cuidado no SUS.

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